Project Title

INFO 526 - Summer 2025 - Final Project

Project description

Author

Affiliation

Yashi Mi & Nathan Herling

School of Information, University of Arizona

Abstract

Aspect	Sentence Length (1-2 sentences)	Addressed
What / Why importance	1-2 sentences	Yes
How / Who it affects	1-2 sentences	Yes
Why important	1-2 sentences	Yes
This work does	1-2 sentences	Yes
Summary of results	1-2 sentences	No

Plumbing insecurity—a key dimension of water insecurity—refers to households lacking complete indoor plumbing, which has direct implications for public health, hygiene, and infrastructure equity. While those who live in the developed world often take it for granted, Inadequate access to safe, indoor plumbing increases the risk of waterborne diseases, hampers hygiene practices, and disproportionately affects vulnerable populations in both high- and low-income countries. . Monitoring changes in plumbing insecurity can help identify emerging public health risks, guide resource allocation, and inform equitable infrastructure development at local, national, and global levels. It also enables policymakers and researchers to track progress toward universal access to basic services, ensuring that no communities are left behind in efforts to improve health and living conditions . This project examines plumbing insecurity across U.S. counties using 2022 and 2023 data from the American Community Survey (ACS). We identify counties with the highest levels of plumbing insecurity each year and assess spatial changes over time to highlight areas of significant improvement or decline. Using bar plots, choropleth maps, and spatial clustering techniques (Getis-Ord G), we visualize affected regions and detect geographic “hotspots” and “coldspots” of change. Our findings reveal persistent regional disparities and statistically significant patterns in plumbing access, emphasizing the need for spatially targeted policy interventions. .
#ToDo –> discuss results.
#ToDo –> probably cut some categories down to 1 sentence (it’s pretty lengthy)

Question 1:

Top counties had the highest plumbing insecurity in 2022 and 2023?

Introduction

#ToDo

Approach

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Analysis

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Discussion

#ToDo

Question 2:

How did the plumbing insecurity change from 2022 to 2023 across U.S. counties, and where do significant spatial clusters (hotspots and coldspots) of worsening or improving plumbing access exist?

Introduction

#ToDo

Approach

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Analysis

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Discussion

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--- title: "Project Title" subtitle: "INFO 526 - Summer 2025 - Final Project" author: - name: "Yashi Mi & Nathan Herling" affiliations: - name: "School of Information, University of Arizona" description: "Project description" format: html: code-tools: true code-overflow: wrap code-line-numbers: true embed-resources: true css: slide_styles.css editor: visual execute: warning: false echo: false --- ## Abstract ::: {.table-wrapper style="background:#f5f7fa; border:1px solid #007BFF; padding:10px;"} | Aspect | Sentence Length (1-2 sentences) | Addressed | |-----------------------|---------------------------------|-----------| | What / Why importance | 1-2 sentences | Yes | | How / Who it affects | 1-2 sentences | Yes | | Why important | 1-2 sentences | Yes | | This work does | 1-2 sentences | Yes | | Summary of results | 1-2 sentences | No | ::: Plumbing insecurity—a key dimension of water insecurity—refers to households lacking complete indoor plumbing, which has direct implications for public health, hygiene, and infrastructure equity. While those who live in the developed world often take it for granted, Inadequate access to safe, indoor plumbing increases the risk of waterborne diseases, hampers hygiene practices, and disproportionately affects vulnerable populations in both high- and low-income countries. . Monitoring changes in plumbing insecurity can help identify emerging public health risks, guide resource allocation, and inform equitable infrastructure development at local, national, and global levels. It also enables policymakers and researchers to track progress toward universal access to basic services, ensuring that no communities are left behind in efforts to improve health and living conditions . This project examines plumbing insecurity across U.S. counties using 2022 and 2023 data from the American Community Survey (ACS). We identify counties with the highest levels of plumbing insecurity each year and assess spatial changes over time to highlight areas of significant improvement or decline. Using bar plots, choropleth maps, and spatial clustering techniques (Getis-Ord G), we visualize affected regions and detect geographic “hotspots” and “coldspots” of change. Our findings reveal persistent regional disparities and statistically significant patterns in plumbing access, emphasizing the need for spatially targeted policy interventions. . #ToDo --\> discuss results. #ToDo --\> probably cut some categories down to 1 sentence (it's pretty lengthy) ## Question 1: ::: scientific-box Top counties had the highest plumbing insecurity in 2022 and 2023? ::: ### Introduction ::: salmon-box #ToDo ::: ### Approach ::: salmon-box #ToDo ::: ### Analysis ::: salmon-box #ToDo ::: ### Discussion ::: salmon-box #ToDo ::: ## Question 2: ::: scientific-box How did the plumbing insecurity change from 2022 to 2023 across U.S. counties, and where do significant spatial clusters (hotspots and coldspots) of worsening or improving plumbing access exist? ::: ### Introduction ::: salmon-box #ToDo ::: ### Approach ::: salmon-box #ToDo ::: ### Analysis ::: salmon-box #ToDo ::: ### Discussion ::: salmon-box #ToDo :::